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Worldwide it is estimated that 180 million people are visually disabled. Of these, 37 million people are blind and this number increases by 1 to 2 million every year. Cataract contributes to 46% of blindness world wide. This is a very serious issue as cataract is easily curable through a simple surgery which is today available the world over. Yet cataract remains a public health problem in many developing countries. Traditionally, the cataract intervention programme is evaluated by the number of cataract operations performed per million population per year. In most of the countries the numbers has increased considerably, however impressive this increase may be, the figure does not indicate the extent to which the problem of cataract blindness has been reduced.
Abstract: This article briefly describes the history of the evolution of cataract surgery and all the types of surgeries that are performed today. Abstract: This article provides you with cataract surgery statistics of cataract blindness, operable cataract eyes and cataract surgical rate. Abstract: This article deals with the factors affecting the cataract population from reaching eye care, cataract challenges and the preventive measures taken to reduce the barriers. Abstract: This article discusses some points on the cataract service illusion or reality. Abstract: This article describes the cataract surgical coverage which is an indicator to measure the impact of cataract intervention programmes. | ||||||
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Two indicators are used to measure impact of cataract blindness. First, it can be measured by a change in prevalence of cataract blindness, obtained through community based surveys. The second indicator to measure impact is Cataract Surgical Coverage (CSC). This community based parameter compares the proportion who have received surgery (aphakic) to the total, who still need or have had surgery (aphakic + operable cataract) in a certain area. It indicates to what extent the services have covered the needs. It measures the effectiveness of the cataract intervention programme in providing surgical services and, as such, it is an output indicator and does not measure the quality of cataract intervention.
Abstract: This tools consists of CSR, no of Ophthalmologist, Refractionist, Optometrist, Surgeries etc of Different countries in the world. Abstract: This article focuses the magnitude of childhood cataract and the management of childhood cataract to reduce it. Abstract: This article tells in detail about various blindness prevention programme carried out , how it got into effect in the present by having the partnerships with international nongovernmental organizations. Moreover it describes the action of National programmes for the prevention of blindness .It also tell about the development of Global database on blindness and visual impairment , to study and step into VISION 2020 at national level. It also describes the Health Systems Research carried out to analyze and prevent the needful blindness. | ||||||
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Epidemiology helps to develop and conduct clinical research on eye disease by practicing ophthalmologist, specialist, managers and epidemiologist. Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence, frequency and causes of disease in humans. By knowing the disease level we can develop the strategies and Action plans to control them. This scientific discipline investigates what factors increase or decrease the risk of developing eye diseases, so they can be prevented or decreased for future generations. Abstract: This review provides an overview of the types of information epidemiological research can provide and how these data can be used. All examples in the review are drawn from the ophthalmic literature. The first part of the review is relatively conceptual and focuses on epidemiological theory, including case definition, measures of the burden of disease, sampling and the interpretation of results. In the second part different study designs are described—specifically, cross sectional surveys, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials, and the strengths and limitations of each highlighted. Abstract: This article gives the etiological study of Pediatric cataracts. This article provides the materials and the methods followed to conduct the cataract study on Traumatic Cataract, Non-traumatic cataracts and the discussion paper about the study. Abstract: This article gives a brief introduction to Epidemiology process. It inturn gives a brief sketch of Study design options such as Incidence Studies, Prevalence studies and More complex study designs, Study design issues such as Precision, Validity and Effect Modification, the process of conducting a study such as Measurement of Exposure and Health status,Cohort studies and case control studies. Moreover it describes howto Analyse and Interpret a study by following the process of Data Analysis and Interpretation. Abstract: This article describes the problem-solving approach to facilitate the learning of some basic epidemiological concepts and practices and simple statistics. It is designed for health workers responsible for tropical diseases control. It is considered to be fundamental to the learning of the epidemiological approach to malaria control and for a situation analysis. Abstract: This article describes the epidemiology of eye disease in the older population, retinal disorders, vitreoretinal disease, vision impairment and rehabilitation, the magnitude of the problem and the population need, research priorities, sources of data and the study references and retinal disorders. Abstract The Rapid Assessment of Cataract Surgical Services (RACSS) is a sound epidemiological method using systematic random cluster sampling to collect data on cataract surgical services in the age group most affected by cataract. RACSS can be repeated by local ophthalmic staff at 5-years interval. This will enable eye care planners to assess the impact of their intervention programmes. Rapid assessment of cataract is a simple, quick, inexpensive and practical method to determine the cataract load in a target area where the intervention is planned. We have provided you with the link some of the survey protocols like Cataract survey protocol, Pakistan survey, Sydney myopia study, Utilization of eye care services in rural south India: The Aravind comprehensive eye survey and Evidence based eye care - Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for congenital, Infantile and childhood cataract for your references. Abstract: Survey protocol is designed to give the quantum of prevalence of blindness, prevalence of cataract blindness, cataract surgical coverage and outcome following cataract surgery. The protocol gives complete detail with the software for data entry forms, standard analysis and manual of operations. Abstract: The Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey--research design, eye examination methodology and results of the pilot study. Abstract: This article gives a brief introduction to Epidemiology process. It inturn gives a brief sketch of Study design options such as Incidence Studies, Prevalence studies and More complex study designs, Study design issues such as Precision, Validity and Effect Modification, the process of conducting a study such as Measurement of Exposure and Health status,Cohort studies and case control studies. Moreover it describes howto Analyse and Interpret a study by following the process of Data Analysis and Interpretation. Abstract: Methods for a population-based study of myopia and other eye conditions in school children: the Sydney Myopia Study. Abstract: To determine utilization of eye care services in a rural population of southern India aged 40 years or older. Abstract: This article focuses on the treatment given for the congenital, infantile and childhood cataract in detail. |
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Although cataracts can be surgically removed, in many countries surgical services are inadequate, and cataract remains the leading cause of blindness. As people in the world live longer, the number of people with cataract is growing. Cataract is also an important cause of low vision in both developed and developing countries. Even where surgical services are available, low vision associated with cataract may still be prevalent, as a result of the long period spent waiting for operations and barriers to surgical uptake, such as cost, lack of information, and transportation problems.
There is always shortage of ophthalmic resources in developing countries, efforts must be taken to ensure that optimum utilization of the minimum resources is been done. Abstract: This article explore the factors that contribute to doing high volume, high quality cataract surgery and details the processes, systems and procedures involved. Despite improvements in the availability of cataract blindness preventing and restoring treatment in the developing world, massive barriers remain to increasing the use of services. The reasons for barriers changes from country to country. Few receiver barriers identified are cost of surgery, Distance to the Hospital, Cultural and Social Barriers, Knowledge of Services. Abstract: This article focus on the barriers for cataract surgery and how to overcome these barriers relating to cost, distance, cultural/social factors, anxiety/fear etc, and find creative ways to overcome them. Abstract: This article addresses the social, cultural and economic barriers which affects the patients from reaching the hospital and how to create awareness among patients about cataract surgery in developing countries Abstract: This article gives detail about the study that describes the surgical uptake in a rural community serviced by a local eye hospital in Nepal. This study gives the possible reasons for non-acceptance of surgery by the rural population. Abstract: This article explains the dynamics of the three different pumping systems used in modern phacoemulsification machines and their comparative advantages. In developing and underdeveloped countries awareness of the availability of treatment and services provided are within the reach, people are not willing to pay for the surgery and use the facility primarily because of poverty. Hence, to change patients’ attitudes, an holistic approach is needed keeping in view the cultural, social, and economic background of the society, Trust in Outcome of Surgery and Visual needs differ. Abstract: A cross sectional study was carried out on 78 screened cataract patients of two screening camps in Kathmandu valley, Nepal, to assess the willingness to pay for cataract surgery. Women bear approximately two-thirds of the global burden of blindness, with cataract being the major cause in developing countries, and it is likely that much of the excess female blindness in these countries is due to cataract. This variance may be due to various reasons like cultural, social, literacy, and economic background of the society. Achieving equal surgical coverage between genders will have resulted in an additional 25.3% reduction of cataract blindness. Abstract: This article describes the existing literature, cataract surgical coverage rates by gender and the proportion of cataract blindness that could be eliminated if women and men had equal access to cataract surgical services. This article also deals with the methods for conducting the population based surveys used in the developing countries. |
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Equipments and instruments available for performing cataract surgery are advancing at a rapid phase. This has led to surgical advancements also evolving. Today cataract surgery has evolved from ICCE to ECCE with various types of lenses to PHACO and SICS surgery. There are several studies which has investigated the outcomes and efficacy of each. In a developing country with limited resources SICS surgery is advocated whereas Phaco continues to be the surgery of choice at the other end of the spectrum.
Abstract: This article discusses the reasons for poor outcome of cataract surgery and how to overcome the same. Abstract: This article focus on cataract surgery outcomes like visual acuity, ICCE or ECCE without IOL versus IOL Surgery, Factors contributing to Post-operative Visual Impairment and Blindness and the goal of good surgical outcomes Abstract: The Cataract Surgical Protocol deals with the techniques to be followed during the cataract surgeries. The patient examination and the preoperative techniques to be followed such as admission, investigation, decision making on patients with systematic diseases, asthmatics, instruction regarding dilatation, cleanliness and day of surgery are given in detail. The Surgical Protocol includes how the Anaesthetic solution is selected, its quantity, sterilization of needles, checking of case records, Anaesthesia, hypotony, Managing Anaesthetic Complications etc. The Postoperative protocol includes Routine Management of uncomplicated cases, routine medication, explaining the patient during discharge, timing of resurgeries and routine follow-up. Abstract: This article provides details on manual small incision cataract surgery, methods, and results. Abstract: This articles compares the methods to reach out the community for surgical coverage in two modes, reach in and reach out and the results got for both of it. Abstract: This article focus on appropriate sutureless Cataract Surgery, techniques and Post-operative Outcomes, and the Transition from Sutured to Sutureless Surgery. Abstract: This article provides information on the experience of Malawi Eye Care Programme which resulted in high volume cataract surgery in the country. Abstract: This article provides practical examples in achieving safe, good quality cataract surgery with different surgical techniques. Abstract: This booklet provides information on the cataract disease, its types, evaluation, lowvision aids, surgical management, surgical techniques, Outcomes of the surgery, and the complications involved with the surgery. Abstract: This article focuses on the treatment given for the congenital, infantile and childhood cataract in detail. Abstract: This brochure deals with what is Cataract, its symptoms, its types, the treatment required, advantages of IOL implantation, types of Cataract removal and the advantages of Phaco. | ||||||
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| A list of epidemiological studies being conducted on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment world wide. Clicking on a study link will bring you to a page that describes the study in greater detail. | ||||||
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The following are the courses related to Epidemiology and Epidemiology in eye care. We have provided you with the course name, Objective, duration and contact persons of these courses for your information.
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The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine is Britain's national school of public health and a leading postgraduate institution in Europe for public health and tropical medicine. Part of the University of London, the London School is an internationally recognized centre of excellence in public health, international health and tropical medicine with a remarkable depth and breadth of expertise. It is one of the highest-rated research institutions in the UK.
Its mission is to contribute to the improvement of health worldwide through the pursuit of excellence in research, postgraduate teaching and advanced training in national and international public health and tropical medicine, and through informing policy and practice in these areas. Contact them at http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/eph/ |
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You can also refer your friends to register with the innovative resources. Send in your friend's e-mail id to us at eyesite@aravind.org with the subject line Register my friend's id! Subscribe Sitenews Unsubscribe Sitenews Address: Vision 2020 e-resource team, Lions Aravind Institute of Community Ophthalmology, 1, Annanagar, Madurai - 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail:eyesite@aravind.org Phone: 91-452-2537580 | ||||||
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