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Do you have a Primary Eye Care setup/Vision Centre in your Organisation?
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It is estimated that worldwide, the number of people with refractive error range from about 800 million to 2.3 billion. In developing countries, like India, it is estimated to be the second largest cause of treatable blindness, after cataract. A recent survey shows an increase in the incidence of refractive errors as a cause of social blindness from 12% to 15%. An easily detectable and correctable condition like Refractive Error still remains a significant cause of avoidable visual disability in our world primarily because appropriate methods of refractive correction are not employed. It is a major cause of concern because it can be easily corrected by a simple pair of spectacles which benefits much more than an operated patient of senile cataract in terms of years of good vision enjoyed and in terms of overall personality development.
Abstract: This article describes the cost needed to set up an in house lab. It lists the skill needed for an optician and describes the success stories of having an in-house lab. Abstract: This article describes 27 surefire ways through which the patients suffering from refractive errors can be attracted. Abstract: This article describes analyzing and distinguishing patients into groups depending upon their needs. It also lists an effective marketing strategy to reach out to the poor patients. Abstract: This article describes the use of management tools like marketing such as advertisement and patient education to reach a broader spectrum of society. | ||||||
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Currently, there is inadequate data on the prevalence rates of Refractive Error for very large population groups. Even the premier organizations such as the WHO and Vision 2020 do not have complete data. We have therefore collated the data gathered through various studies done on small groups and presented the same here. One of the main reasons for lack of it is, Refractive errors is grossly under documented as the definition of blindness in terms of best corrected distance visual acuity – which refers to the smallest letter the patient is able to read on a Snellen’s visual acuity chart. Whereas the presenting distance visual acuity – the individual’s current refractive correction – permits assessment of blindness due to refractive errors.
Abstract: This article lists in detail the WHO’s estimation of the population with visual impairment less severe than blindness. This estimate is quoted widely, but because it is based on definitions using best-corrected visual acuity, uncorrected refractive error as a cause of visual impairment is excluded. This article also gives in detail the cause of visual impairment due to refractive errors. Abstract: This article deals with the latest review of refractive error definitions based on the survey. Abstract: This article provides in detail about the Cohort Study conducted to determine the incidence and progression rates of myopia in young Singaporean children. Abstract: This article provides in detail the cohort study of compliance about the spectacle provided and the refractive error prevalence amongst the school going children in rural Mexico and Osaka. Abstract: This article provides in detail about the prevalence of refractive errors in adults above 30 years in Bangladesh Abstract: This article provides the detailed report on the refractive error prevalence among the different age groups of population in different parts of the world. It also lists in detail the ways to deliver refractive error service among the eye care population. Abstract: This review seeks to determine the prevalence of correctable visual impairment (VI) in older people in the UK, to discover what proportion of these cases are undetected, to suggest reasons for the poor detection and to make recommendations for improving the detection. Abstract: This article mainly focuses on prevalence of eye care amongst the school children. This also lists in detail the school screening programme procedures like training the school teachers to identify the student population who need eye care, examining the identified population who really need eye care, information on training ophthalmic paramedical teachers to effectively perform the screening and generate awareness among the school going children on eye care. Abstract: This article focuses on the “Refractive Error Survey in Children” Study, Clinical Measurements, and Comparative Findings of Refractive Errors in different regions. | ||||||
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The current challenge in many developing countries is to provide spectacles, and at affordable price. Spectacles may be readily available in urban areas, but there should be a system to ensure that it is also available for patients living in rural and remote areas. Different strategies such as the following may be employed to ensure accessibility:
Correction of refractive errors using lenses has a long history. The Roman writer Seneca (4BC to 65 AD) used a glass globe of water to peer through and read books. A millennium later, monks are reported to have used segments of glasses spheres to help magnify letters-basically a magnifying glass called a reading stone. Though the Chinese claim to have invented the frame to mount two such glass lenses, the earliest documented picture in Europe is a painting by di Modena in 1352 which shows two lenses with rims joined centrally. The inconvenience of holding such glasses in position was soon won over first by securing the glasses by a tape tucked under the hat (the earlier Chinese way). But it was only in 1718 that a London optician, Edward Scarlet, seems to have put arms on eyeglasses to hold them on the ears. Nosepieces were soon added to lessen the discomfort. These were the ancestors of the present-day frames, made variously of gold, silver, steel, fish bone, horn, wood, leather and now plastics. Abstract: This article provides a details sketch about the history and the evolution of spectacles during the early days. Abstract: This article reveals the prevalence of refractive errors and the impact of the disorder in the world population. Amongst the various disease control priorities under the Vision 2020 global initiative, the one that cuts across all regions is blindness and vision impairment caused by refractive errors. It also emphasizes the fact that refractive errors can be easily diagnosed, measured and corrected with spectacles. Abstract: This article describes in detail the management and development areas involved in setting up an optical dispensary like marketing research, financial assessment, design and construction. Abstract: This article talks about the steps involved in the establishment, and maintenance of an optical dispensary. It also lists the methods of maintaining application records and providing effective quality service to the patients. Abstract: This article provides the detailed study undertaken to assess the use of spectacles and its demographic associations in a sample representative of the population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It provides the statistical report of the use of spectacles in the population with refractive error. It also provides the analysis report of the refractive error leading to the visual impairment. By setting up an optical shop we can ensure that our patients do receive the necessary correction and assure that the spectacles received by them are of good quality (the correct power, appropriate lens and frames). Patients have been found willing to pay for this service; it also serves to generate funds which may be used to subsidize other services. Abstract This article describes the human resources techniques of recruitment of employees such as opticians, and offering them appropriate training for effective performance. Abstract This article describes the different cutting edge technology used in the manufacture of optical lens, their need, purpose of manufacture and their usage. It also briefs about the areas of bench marking aimed at by the ophthalmic personnel to match patient needs. Abstract This article describes the resources and steps involved in the establishment of an optical dispensary. The effort, resources and time required to go through the process of purchasing spectacles which usually takes 4 visits often discourages the individuals from getting their refractive errors corrected. Hence the process and system of how spectacles are dispensed will need to be recognized as a significant factor that influences uptake. In order to address the issues of dispensing, the first step is to integrate refraction and dispensing as a “one-stop” service through careful planning. By looking at the hospital data and on the basis of experience it is possible to predict the mix of lenses that will be required and the frames that would be preferred. With the inventory of ready lenses and frames the only processing required to dispense a pair of spectacles is edging and fitting the lens in the frame. This can be done very quickly, making it possible to dispense the spectacles within half an hour. Abstract: This article provides, in depth, details on inventory management of an optical shop. It also talks about the design and maintenance of the in-house lab. Abstract: This article briefs about the resources need for setting up and operating an optical shop. This article describes the management techniques necessary to render effective service to the customers. Abstract: This article discusses the ways to supply good quality spectacles to communities in need. The issues involved in the provision of spectacles like quality, supply, distribution, cost and acceptance are covered in this article. Abstract: This article talks about the role optical services play in the management of children with low vision, methods to enhance non-optical and optical devices. This article also provides the case studies relating to the low vision prevalence. Abstract: This article discusses in detail the key areas that ophthalmologists and technicians should concentrate on for effective management of the optical dispensary. Abstract: This article describes about the importance of the bench marking process handled by the ophthalmologists to effectively track the performance of the optical shop. It also highlights on the way the Puerto Rico-Optical benchmarking tool should be employed for providing effective management of the optical shop. |
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As early as 1845 Sir John Herschel suggested the idea of contact lenses, though he evidently did nothing about it. The practical application of a lens to the eyeball did not occur until late in the century, when F. E. Muller, a German maker of glass eyes, blew a protective lens to place over the eyeball of a man whose lid had been destroyed by cancer. The patient wore the lens until his death, twenty years later, without losing his vision. The term contact lens originated with Dr. A. Eugen Fick, a Swiss physician, who in 1887 published the results of independent experiments with contact lenses. In 1889 August Muller, a German medical student, described his own experimentation with contact lenses. Although his attempts to use ground lenses were not successful, he did help lay the groundwork for further experimentation. In 1892 other doctors and optical firms in Europe cooperated in developing practical contact lenses; before long several firms began specializing in manufacturing them. Abstract: This article provides a comparative detail about the two lens markets and describes the statistical report on the coverage population of both the markets. Abstract: This article describes in detail about the need and the utility for designing the traditional progressive lenses. Contact lenses are the ideal choice for refractive errors which give better vision correction without any distortions. At the same time proper lens care and regular follow up are essential in maintaining good ocular health. Setting up a contact lens clinic will help patients to a great extent. Abstract: This article provides in detail about the processing steps involved in setting up an optical shop. It also talks in detail about the process involved in dispensing spectacles , right from the reception to the service delivery. It also touches upon plastic lenses and the human resources needed in the hospital counseling processes and in the community outreach programmes. Abstract: This article explains in detail about the history, types, advantages, and fitting procedures followed for contact lenses. Abstract: This section deals answers all queries on contact lens usage. Abstract: This article speaks in detail about how to maintain, handle and utilize the official procedural records like telephone scripts, brochures, patient instruction sheets, order forms and the information provided in them to effectively plan and operate the optical dispensaries. |
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Refractive surgery has been responsible for some of the fastest growth in technology and surgery in the field of ophthalmology. Surgical procedures have enabled millions of people to free themselves from glasses and contact lenses. Refractive surgery is rapidly developing newer, safer, and more precise equipment and techniques, and patients now have many options.
Abstract: This link has seven modules on Refractive surgery. The first module describes the various surgical options available and in development for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Laser surgeries, incisional surgeries, intrastromal ring segments, phakic intraocular lenses, and refractive lensectomy are discussed, as is bioptics, an increasingly popular procedure that combines more than one refractive surgical modality. Surgical techniques for treating mixed astigmatism are also discussed. The second and third modules describe the surgical procedures available and in development for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism and for presbyopia. The fourth module discusses the diagnostic tools used in refractive surgery, including refraction, corneal topography, pachymetry, pupillometry, and wavefront technology. The fifth module analyzes the demographics of current and potential refractive surgery patients. As this surgery is elective and a potential source of significant revenue, surgeons have begun advertising their services-a practice heretofore almost unknown in medicine. Knowledge of market trends in refractive surgery has contributed to the understanding of the economics of this field. The final module addresses the viable alternatives to refractive surgery: spectacles and contact lenses. Orthokeratology is also addressed. Abstract: This brochure details the process involved in Lasik surgery - the refractive surgery, the minimal side effects and other steps to be followed. Abstract: This brochure briefly explains the use of Lasik to get rid of glasses, the equipment used for it, and the procedures adopted, and also the goals and purpose of Lasik surgery. | ||||||
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American Academy of Ophthalmology :
Founded in 1922, the goal of the American Academy of Optometry is to maintain and enhance excellence in optometric practice. It does this by fostering research and the dissemination of knowledge in both basic and applied vision science. Since its founding, the Academy's success in achieving this objective has moved the Academy to the forefront of American and international optometry and made fellowship in the Academy a significant and cherished achievement. Academy Fellows represent all facets of the profession. Approximately 48 percent are optometrists in private practice, 15 percent are optometric educators, 11 percent are optometrists in federal or other government service, 10 percent are optometrists in multidisciplinary settings, eight percent are retired, four percent are vision scientists and another four percent work in a variety of other settings. Thirteen percent reside outside the United States. |
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You can also refer your friends to register with the innovative resources. Send in your friend's e-mail id to us at eyesite@aravind.org with the subject line Register my friend's id! Subscribe Sitenews Unsubscribe Sitenews Address: Vision 2020 e-resource team, Lions Aravind Institute of Community Ophthalmology, 1, Annanagar, Madurai - 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail:eyesite@aravind.org Phone: 91-452-2537580 | ||||||
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